In short, Advertisement is :

Information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of advertisement :

Promotion

Communication

Information

In making an advertisement keep the following points :

1. Language of advertisement :

Using the correct or suitable words.

Using the interesting and suggestive expression.

Using positive expression

Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.

2. Content of advertisement :

Objective and honest

Brief and clear

Not mocking to group or other producer.

Example of advertisement :

1.Mobile billboard advertising

Mobile Billboards are flat-panel campaign units in which their sole purpose is to carry advertisements along dedicated routes selected by clients prior to the start of a campaign. Mobile Billboard companies do not typically carry third-party cargo or freight. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:

1.Target advertising

2.One day,and long term campaigns

3.Convention

4.Sporting events

5.Store openings or other similar promotional events

6.Big advertisements from smaller companies

2.Public service advertising

The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy conservation, and global warming.

3.Commercial advertising

Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television ads, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches,, magazines, newspapers, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is commercial advertising.

4.Covert advertising

Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruise's character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them "classics," because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, and cars are featured in recent James Bond films, Casino Royale

The generic structures of recount text are :

Orientation : ( it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)

Events : (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)

Re-orientation : (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident)

Characteristic of Recount Text :

Use of simple past tense

Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then)

Use of personal pronoun (I, we)

Example of Recount Text :

RA Kartini

Every April 21, people in Indonesia commemorate the Kartini day. It is

a beautiful day for the woman because we celebrate the birth of great

lady, RA. Kartini. Everyone knows who kartini is. She is our national

heroine and a great lady with the bright idea.

Kartini was born in 1879, April 21 in Mayong Jepara. Her father was

RMAA. Sosroningrat, Wedana (assistant of head of regency) in Mayong.

Her mother, MA Ngasirah was a girl from Teluk Awur village in Jepara.

As the daughter of a noble family, she felt luck because she got more

than the ordinary people got. She got better education than other

children. She did anything she wants although it was forbidden. She

passed her childhood with her brother and sister. Because she was very

energetic, her father called her "trinil"

Then her father was chosen as Bupati (the head of regency) in Jepara.

She and her family then moved from Mayong to Jepara. In the same year,

Kartini's second sister RA Kardinah was born. The environment in Jepara

gave her big chance to develop her idea. She could study at the Dutch

owned school where only children from noble family could study here.

Few years after finishing her study, RA. Kartini was willing to

continue her study in higher level. But the custom of that day forbid a

woman to go to school. A tradition of that time, a teenage girl should

be secluded and limited her activity. So was Kartini. She was secluded

inside the house and forbidden to go out until a man propose her. The

rule could restrict her body but not her mind. During her "pingitan"

time, she spent her time by reading book which she got from her relatives.

Although she was not able to continue her study to higher level, she

was smart had a bright idea. She got the knowledge from the books she

read. To express her idea, she established a school for local people on

the backyard of Jepara city hall.

In November 12,1903, she married Adipati Djoyodiningrat, the head of

Rembang regency. According to Javanese tradition Kartini had to follow

her husband. Then she moved to Rembang.

In September 13, 1904 she gave a birth to her son. His name was

Singgih. But after giving birth to a son, her condition was getting

worse and she finally passed away on September 17, 1904 on her 25 years old.

Now Kartini has gone. But her spirit and dream will always be in our

heart. Nowadays Indonesian women progress is influenced by Kartini's

spirit stated on collection of letter "Habis gelap terbitlah terang"

from the dusk to the dawn.

How can we give sympathy expression to someone?

Example expressions of sympathy :

I’d like to express my deepest condolences.

I’m sorry to hear that.

I’m awfully sorry about....

Oh, how awful!

Oh, dear!

You must be very upset.

Oh, what a shame.

How pity you are!

How terrible / awful for you.

Example of dialogue that expresses sympathy in a certain situation :

Anthony : You know what? Adit has lost his handphone.

Fredy     : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that

Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding –ed to the root of a word. Example: He walked to the store. A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form. Example: He did not walk to the store. Question sentences are started with did as in Did he walk to the store?

The pattern :

(+)Subject + verb II + complement

(-)Subject + did not + verb II + complement

(?)Did + subject + verb I

The examples :

(+)I went to Banjarmasin last night

(-)I did not go anywhere yesteray

(?)Did you go last month?

Adverbs used : yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, a few minutes ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.

2.Past Continuous Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain time in the past.

The pattern :

(+)Subject + was/were +verb-ing+ complement

(-)Subject + was not/were not+verb-ing+ complement

(?)was/were+ subject + verb-ing+complement

The examples :

(+)He was writing a letter at eight o’clock last night

(-)He was not writing a letter at seven o’clock last night

(?)Were you writing a letter at eight last night?

Adverbs used : at the time like this yesterday, at seven o’clock last night, etc.

3.Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The pattern :

(+)Subject + had+verb III+cmplement

(-)Subject + had not+ver III+complement

(?)Had + subject +verb III+complement

The examples :

(+)We had eaten before they came

(-)They had not eaten before we came

(?)Had they eaten before we came?

Adverbs used : from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

Making an Appointment

1.I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian

2.I want to make an appointment to see ....

3.I’d like you to come and see

4.Can I come and see you?

  -I’ll be there

  -What about ....(thank you)

Accepting an Appointment

1.All right, see you there

2.No problem, I’m free on ....(Thursday)

3.Be there on time

4.I’ll wait for you

5.It’s a deal

Canceling an Appointment

1.I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment

2.I’m sorry, I’m very busy

3.I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with ....(Dr. Ina Aden) tomorrow morning

Changing an Appointment

1.What about ....(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)

2.Is that ok, if we meet at ....

3.Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

4.Could we change the schedule of the meeting?

5.Do you have another time this afternoon

Characteristic of Narrative Text

Kinds of Narrative Text

• Myth

• Legend

• Fable

• Folklore

Example

THE FOURTH OF JULY

How do you greet other people ???

1.Good = Morning,Afternoon,Evening,Night.

2.Hello  = Friend,....(Name of someone)

3.How  = 1.Are you ?

              2.Are you getting along?

              3.Are you doing?

                 = Fine, thanks

                 = Pretty good, thanks

                 = I'm well, thanks

                 = Not bad, thanks

4.How's = 1.Everything with you ?

                2.Life ?

How do you introduce yourself ???

How do you introduce other people ???

How do you close or end conversation ???

Example:
~For habits = He drinks milk at breakfast.

~For general truth = Palangka Raya is a small city.

~For repeated actions = She only eats egg.

~For unchanging situation = I work in Banjarmasin.

Formula Verbal :

(+)S+ V1(-s/-es)+ Object

(-)S+ do/does+ not+ V1+ Object

(?)Do/does+ S+ V1+ Object+ ?

1.Actions that happen now or today

2.Some present tense verbs have "ing", "s", or "es" on the end of them

3.Clue words: Now, Today

Any formula Present Tense :

- S + v1 + object

Example:

She Goes to office.

- S + To be + noun, adjective, adverb

Example:

He is happy.

Example adverbs for present tense:

- Always

- Never

- Every

- Often

- Seldom

- Sometimes

- Usually

Generic structure/ points:

1.The title or type of event

2.Date or time, place

3.Contact person

Example

Generic Structure of procedure text

1.Goal/aim (or title)

2.Material (not required for all procedural texts)

3.Steps (the actions that must be taken)

For the example:

How to charge hand phone battery

prepare your :

- hand phone

- battery charger

Steps :

1. Connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the charger plug must face upward.

2. Wait until the battery icon appears on the screen.

3. Charge the battery approximately 5 hours or until the battery icon indicates that the battery is fully charged.

4. Remove the charger by pulling out from your hand phone.

Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:

Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

Example:

• (+) We had eaten before they came.

• (-) They had not eaten before we came.

• (?) Had they eaten before we came?

The pattern :

• (+) Subject + had+verb III+(complement)

• (-) Subject + had not+verb III+(complement)

• (?)Had + subject +verb III+(complement)

Future perfect tense is used to describe an event that has not yet happened but is expected or planned to happen before another stated occurrence.

The structure/pattern of future perfect tense:

Example:

(+)Subject+ will+ have+ v3+ (complement)

I will have finished by 11 a.m.

(-)Subject+ will+ not+ have+ v3+ (complement).

He will not have gone to school.

(?)Will+ subject+ have+ v3+ (complement)+ ?

Will you have arrived ?

Example of Giving Instruction :

Adit : Rizki, come here please !

Rizki : Ok, What's up Adit ?

Adit : Please, clean the whiteboard !

Rizki : Ok !

Any example of instruction in traffic sign :

There are 2 types of Invitation:

Invitation Formal

- Formal Invitation is the official invitation usually written reply came from such institutions and companies etc.

Invitation Informal

- Informal invitation is not an official invitation written / oral and this invitation is usually given to friends, family and others

Invitation Verbal

Example:

We want to invite you to come to our house

Can you come to my restaurant?

Are you free tonight?

Accepting (menerima)

I like that

That sounds good

Thank you for inviting

Refusing(menolak)

I like that but I can't

I'm very sorry for not able to come

Sorry, I'm very busy

Example Invitation:

Informal Invitation

Formal Invitation