Direct and Indirect Speech
A. Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact word oe saying exactly what someone has said(sometimes called quoted speech) here what a peson says appears within quotation marks(“….”) and should be word for word.
For example :
She said,”today’s lesson is on presentations.” Or
“Today’s lesson is on presentations,” she said.
B.Indirect speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech),doesn’t use quotation marks to enclpse what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
For example :” I’m going to the cinema”,he said – he said he was going to the cinema.
Tense Change
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. Because when we use reported speech,we are usually talking about a time in the past. Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are : Tell , other command , ask,warn remind
Simple present - Past tenses
Vita said” I eat fried rice” vita said that she ate fried rice
Simple past - Past perfect
Mother said” I went to market yesterday” - mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.
Simple future - Past future
Dave said” I will buy an i-pod nexk week’ - Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after.
Present continuous - Past continuous
Gama said” I’m playing football” - Gama said he was playing football
Past continuous - Past perfect continuous
She said” I was teaching earlier” - she said she had been teaching earlier
-when report what someone said,don’t usually repeat their exact weords,use our words, we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by”that clause”
example : my mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.
In time expression and pronouns
Direct speech-----
-now
-today/tonight
-Yesterday
-tomorrow
-last week
-next week
-ago
-this/these
-here
-pronouns
Indirect speech-----
-then
-that day/that night
-the day before/the previous day
-the next/following day
-the previous week
-the following week/the week after
-before
-that/those
-there
-they changes according to the contextModal verb froms also sometimes change :
Direct speech-----
Will
Can
Must
Shall
May
Indirect speech-----
would
could
had
should
might
Note – there is no change to;could,would,should,might and ought too.
Direct speech
“I might go to the cinema”, he said
Indirect speech
He said he might go to cinema.
Offering
Definition
The making available of a new securities issue to the public through an underwriting. also called public offering.
Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of tea, Mr malik?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. gery?
* Would you care some candy?
In the following dialogue is given some examples of expressions when we are going to offer something to someone else.
A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks
A: Would you like some cake?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though
A: How about a glass of coffee?
B: Thanks, but I don’t drink coffee.
A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Manggo juice will be fine.
A: Would you like some more pie?
B: Sure. It’s really good. Did you bake it yourself?
A: Can I get you some milk or something?
B: Well, a glass of water would be okay.
A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks.
A: Would you like some pie?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though.
A:How about a glass of wine?
B:thanks, but I don't drink (alcohol).
A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Orange juice will be fine.
A:Would you like some more cake?
B:Sure. It's really good. Did you bake it yourself ?
A:Can I get you some milk or something?
B:Well, a glass of water would be okay.
Introductory It
Simak kalimat di bawah ini,....
A.To understand this lesson is easy.
B.It is easy to understand this lesson.
In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.
A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduce mainly to make the meaning of C easier to understand.
Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.
• A word when usedin sentence, do not influence the sentences meaning because it’s meaning have
• Been contained by other sentence element. Introductory it earn also function as word change the.
• It serve the purpose of subject and also object.
• It Accommodating with the word it’s change
• As subject weather situation
Example :
- Today is hot
• it is hot today
- Yesterday was cloudy
• It was cloudy yesterday
- Summer is of note of rainy
• It is of note of rainy in summer.
Showing distance
- How far is the station to your home.
- My house is far away from here.
- Is the mosque far from here
- How far is it to your home
- It is about 24 km
- Is it far from here
- Assuring / explaining tio infinitive (showing condition of)
- To do the test is not easy
* It is not easy to do the test.
- To study math is very interesting
* it is very interesting to study math
- To meet you again will be nice
* it will be nice to meet you again
• As object Assuring / explaining to infinitive (showing condition of )
Invitation
Definition
something or sentences which we can use to invite someone or group to a party or a program.
* if we want invite someone, we can use :
1.would you like...?
2.can you come to ...
3.could you go to my home?
4.shall we...?
5.I'd like to invite you..
6.how about..
7.i would you like...
* accept an invitation
- o.k. !
-that's a good idea
-thank's for your invitation
-that would be very nice. thank you !
-All right
-Thank you, I'll come...
-Of course ! I'll come ...
-Yes, I'll join to..
* to refuse / dealine an invitation
- that's nice unfortunately
- Sorry,that wouldn't be possible,thank's
- Sorry,because i have program
- Sorry,it's good,but i can't present it
- I'm awfully,sorry
- I would love,but..
- It's good,but..
- Sorry I'm busy....
Noun Phrase
A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
For example, ‘they’, ‘books’, and ‘the books’ are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Example 1:
Aditya : Do you like books?
Dodi : Yes, I like them.
Aditya : Do you like books over there?
Dodi : Yes, they are nice.
Aditya : Do you like the book I brought yesterday?
Dodi : Yes, I like it. (Note: ‘It’ refers to ‘the book’, not ‘book’)
Example 2:
Nicko was late.
(‘Nicko’ is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)
Some noun phrases are short: The students
Some are long: The very tall education consultant
Structures of noun phrases:
▪ A beautiful old painting on the wall
Pre-modifier
- A beautiful old
Head noun
- painting
Post-modifier
- on the wall
When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between them. You put adjectives in front of the first noun.
Example: We just spoke with a young American boy.
Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (Vbase+ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.
Example: passing the exam watching TV
preparing the equipment sliding down a rope
going to school diving board
Preposition IN, ON, AT
A preposition is a word or groups of words used before a noun or a pronoun to show place, position, time or method.
at
PRECISE TIME
at 3 o’clock
at 10.30am
at noon
at dinnertime
at bedtime
at sunrise
at sunset
at the moment
in
MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
in May
in summer
in the summer
in 1990
in the 1990s
in the next century
in the Ice Age
in the past/future
on
DAYS and DATES
on Sunday
on Tuesdays
on 6 March
on 25 Dec. 2010
on Christmas Day
on Independence Day
on my birthday
on New Year’s Eve
Look at these examples:
I have a meeting at 9am.
The shop closes at midnight.
Jane went home at lunchtime.
In England, it often snows in December.
Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
Do you work on Mondays?
Her birthday is on 20 November.
Where will you be on New Year’s Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression -Example
at night -The stars shine at night.
at the weekend -I don’t usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter -I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time -We finished the test at the same time.
at present -He’s not home at present. Try later.
Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:
In
in the morning
in the mornings
in the afternoon(s)
in the evening(s)
on
on Tuesday morning
on Saturday mornings
on Sunday afternoons
on Sunday evening
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
I went to London last June. (not in last June)
He’s coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
We’ll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
Simple Future
Simple future is used for describing job or action that will to do (happened) at future.
A. In order to
1. Future tense “will”
a. To assert incident/event that future and decide that incident at talking.
Example= A: can you help me to do this home work?
B: of course, I will do it for you.
b. To offer to do something.
Example= A: I don’t have a pen to write.
B: don’t worry. I will lend you.
c. To assert an agreement to do something.
Example= A: you must come to my party.
B: I promise I will come on party.
d. To ask someone to do something.
Example= A: it’s very hot in my room.
B: certainly.
e. To predict event that will be happened
Example= A: will I pass the test next month?
B: don’t worry, you will pass.
f. To assert an incident/event that will be sure happened.
Example= A: I’m seventeen years old now. How old will I be next year?
B: you will be eighteen years old next years. All people and animals in the world will die
2. Future tense “shall”
a. To assert a deal or gift suggestion
Example= Today, we are free.
Where shall we go?
Note: shall for subject “I, we”
3. Future tense “be going to”
a. To assert an incident that will be happened and gone ever break a promise to do it.
Example= A: Did you send my letter for her?
B: oh, I’m sorry I forgot. I’m going to send it tonight.
b. To assert an incident/event that cause there are incident/event that mention that what will be next happened.
Example= A: The sky is very dark. What do you think?
B: I think it’s going to rain
B. Time signal
1.Tomorrow…
* Morning
* Afternoon
* Evening
* Night
2. Next…
* Time
* Week
* Month
* Year
* January
3. Tonight
4. The day after tomorrow
5. Soon
6. Later
7. Two, three more days
8. Two, three days later
9. By and by
C. Formation of sentences
1. Positive (+):
a. Subject + shall/will + VI
Example: I shall clean the room
We will go to school
She will give a present
Note: “shall” just can use for subject “I and We”
b. Subject + be + going to + VI
Example:
I am going to play tennis
They are going to swim very fast
He is going to write a story
2. Negative (-)
a. Subject + shall/will + not + VI
Example: I shan’t buy a shirt
He won’t clean the room
Note: shall not = shan’t
Will not = won’t
b. Subject + be not + going to + VI
Example: I am not going to give a present
3. Interrogative (?)
a. Shall/will + subject + VI ?
Example: will we play tennis?
b. Be + subject + going to + VI ?
Example: is she going to write a story?
Asking If Someone Remember or Not
Ih, lumayan nih materi susah2 gampang...
Klo di pelajari dengan sungguh2 akan terasa gampang, makanya simak baik2....
Formal expressions:
Ø I wonder if you remember.....
Ø You remember...., don’t you?
Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
Ø Don’t you remember.....?
Ø Do you happen to remember it now?
Ways to respond:
Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.
Ø I remember especially the scenery.
Ø I’ll never forget that
Ø I’ll always remember.
Ø I can remember it clearly.
Informal expressions:
Ø Remember the old house we used to live in?
Ø Remember that?
Ø I’m sorry I don’t remember
Ways to respond:
Ø Hold on. Yes, got it!
Ø I know.....
Ø It’s coming back to me now.
Respond if you forget:
Ø Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
Ø I’m affraid I forget.
Ø I really can’t remember.
Ø I’m afraid I have no memory of him
Ø Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
Ø Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
Example..
It was Sunday morning, Irun got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her father was a little puzzled.
Father : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Irun : Yes, Father. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Father : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Irun : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !
Descriptive Text
Teman-teman mari kita pelajari bersama Descriptive Text..
The aim of descriptive text: to describe the characteristics of particular person, thing, or place.
Text Structure:
▪ Identification Þ identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
▪ Description Þ gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or characteristics.
Grammatical Features:
▪ Who? What?
▪ Using Linking verb and Simple Present Tense
▪ Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase
▪ Attributive (the)
▪ Use of attributive and identifying process
▪ Focus on specific participants
▪ Frequent use of epithets and classifier in nominal groups
Example of Descriptive Text:
Bandengan Beach
Bandengan Beach or Tirta Samudra Beach is the famous beach in jepara. the place is very beautiful and romantic. people around Jepara, Kudus, Demak knows this place.
This place is located 7 kilometers north of Jepara city center. The way to get there is very easy. Just follow the traffic sign and you will find it. From the town square, follow the road to Bangsri then turn left when reached kuwasen village. You can take public transportation or by your own vehicle.
The white sandy beach which has pure water is good for swimming. The beach is save enough for swimming because the beach is shallow and the wave is not so big. This place is more beautiful at dusk. We can see the beautiful sunset with our family or friends.
In this location, we can sit and relax on the shelter while enjoy the natural beach breezy wind. It also has large pandan tree field. It is suitable for youngster activities such as camping.
If we want to sail, we can rent the traditional boat owned by local people. We can make voyage around the beach or we can go to pulau panjang (panjang island). Some time we can find banana boat and jet ski for rent.
In this place we can find many traditional footstalls. We can order traditional foods sold by the trader such as roasted fish, crab, boiled shell. Pindang srani is one of the delicious food enjoyed by the visitors.
come to the bandengan beach and you will find a paradise on the tips of Muria peninsula.
Narrative Text
Kali ini posting narrative text hanya kilas balik dari e-primbon semester 1 aja yah... But tetap ditambahhin materi nya juga sedikit.
Narrative Text is story. Mostly, narrative are imaginary stories but sometimes narratives can be factual too. Narrative includes fairy stories,fables,mystery,science,fictions,any romance and horror.
Characteristic of Narrative Text
1. Entertain the readers
2. Structure of the text = orientation()- complication()- resolution()
3. Other Generic structure = evaluation and coda
4. Language features = nouns, adjectives, time conjuction and conjunctions, adverb and adverbial phrases, action verbs, saying verbs
Kinds of Narrative Text
• Myth
• Legend
• Fable
• Folklore
Generic Structures: Orientation - Complication - Evaluation (optional) - Resolution
Orientation: it is about WHO, WHEN, and WHERE the story happened.
Evaluation: is optional; it is usually used to make the story more interesting.
Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.
Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.
Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life.
Example :
There was a small village in the forest in a mountain on the east side of the earth. In the village lived a man with his son. His name was Jeremiah and his son was Clay. They lived in an old huge mansion, which was a guest house, quite far from the village. The house looked scary on the outside and the mansion’s owner also not a friendly person, but actually he had a kind heart even though they’re not rich.
One rainy and stormy night, came a beautiful young lady at the same age of his son. His son felt something wrong with the lady but he kept it inside, because he didn’t have evidence about his feeling. He kept an eye on the lady every time, every second, and every of her movement.
After dinner, the Lady asked them if they allowed her to stay for a night, as she had no house to stay. They allowed her to stay and prepared a room for her. Clay delivered her an extra blanket, it was very cold outside. He knocked the door but no one answered, then he tried again. He decided to wait, but five minute passed, he ran out of patient. He opened the door which apparently was not locked and stepped his feet inside the room. The room was so dark and the only light came from the opened window.
The thunder stroke a tree. He put the blanket on the bed and ran to shut the window. When he shut the window, he suddenly realized that no one’s in the room. He wondered where the lady was. There was no sign that the lady left the room, so he searches for her. Starting by opened the bathroom. At first, he saw nothing and no one, but as he walked to the bathtub he saw something dropping from the ceiling above the bathtub. He looked up and saw a body hanging on the ceiling. He called over his father but when his father arrived and Clay turned his head for a second, the body disappeared. They soon found that the lady was the first owner of the mansion who was committed suicide 50 years ago. That’s the reason why the guest house was closed.
Finite Verb
Mari kita sama-sama belajar tentang finite verb
Materi nya lumayan susah sih....
A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.
Every grammatically correct sentence or clause must contain a finite verb; sentence fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases.
Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).
In English, as in most related languages, only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:
* the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
* the imperative mood (giving a command).
* the subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence); nearly extinct in English.
A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence, act, or mode of being. Finite verbs, sometimes called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.
The finite verbs are highlighted in the following sentences:
The bear caught a salmon in the stream.
Who ate the pie?
Stop!
A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle, infinitive, or gerund - is not limited by by time (see tense), person, and number.
Verb forms that are not finite include:
* the infinitive
* participles (e.g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
* gerunds and gerundives
In linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject; and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause.
By some accounts, a non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase (i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun, adjective, or adverb — in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal; non-finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns, verbal adjectives, or verbal adverbs.
English has three kinds of verbals: participles, which function as adjectives; gerunds, which function as nouns; and infinitives, which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like functions. Each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect (to have done).
Other kinds of verbals, such as supines and gerundives, exist in other languages.
Example:
The Crow and the Fox
One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese. She picks it up, flaps her wings, and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it.
Asking Information
Asking Information dari judul nya sih cukup mudah...
Mari kita simak lebih jelas lagi
There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..
These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...
Asking for Information
Information about company
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?
We produce marketing materials.
We specialize in art and design.
What are your major products?
What services do you provide?
We produce office machines.
We design software.
We provide technical support.
Information about products
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.
This is one of our top brands.
It's our best selling refrigerator.
This one is the best in its class.
We're really pleased with its performance.
It's an excellent computer.
I highly recommend this one.
This model comes with several features.
This particular one has two components.
Information about Price What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?
This (one) sells for $5900.
This one goes for $2900.
This one is priced at $9695.
Construction
Formula Question Word Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?
Formula Gerund (-ing) Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boatFormula Noun Example Finish
I'm looking for information on holidays in Spain.
Formula used only on the telphone Question Word Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.
Formula used only on the telphone Noun Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper.
Modal in The Past Form
Ini beberapa modals yang dpat kita gunakan dalam past form....
Semoga berguna....
Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall
*Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Aditya : I’m having trouble with physics.
Dodi : Why don’t you ask Danar ?
Perhaps she could help you.
*Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibillities.
Example :
Rizki : Why is Alvin taking the bus to get home.
Fredy : He might get a flat time.
*Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Danar : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Aditya : I would visit my grandparents In the Surabaya, but how not anymore.
*Would + Mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Example :
Dodi : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Dwima : No, Not at all.
*Should + Verb base
Example :
Alvin : Fajar ,you should go to library now ?
Fajar : O.k.
News Item
Mari kita sama2 mempelajari News Item....
Pelajaran cukup mudah untuk dimengerti....
News Item
• News Item text is a factual text which inform the reader or daily newspaper about events of the day which are regarded as newsworthy or important.
Purpose text of News Item :
To inform the reader or listener. Clear objectives News Item is to inform the news to the readers or listeners . Purpose you read the news or not to obtain information from sources that clearly.
The generic structure of news item :
Correspondence
Newsworthy events :
Recounts the event in summary form
Background events :
Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.
Linguistic features :
Action Verbs.
Verbal Verbs.
Mental Verbs.
Temporal Circumstances.
Spatial Circumstances.
Specific Participants.
Structure of the text consist of three parts :
Core write news or events that are considered important
Write the background or the cause of the event
Write a news source, usually contains about quotes from the usual resource witness, or senior official associated with the event.
To distinguish the type of news item text and other text that is easy for news item has a unique feature that is preceded by a city or place. Another characteristic that is the excerpt from the resource persons.
Passsive Voice
Kalimat pasif sebenarnya cukup mudah tapi... Dalam Bahasa Inggris susah-susah gampang. Mari kita simak Penjelasan di bawah ini.
A. Definition
A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. Take a look at this passive rephrasing of a familiar joke
B. Example Passive Voice
Tense Active PassiveSimple Present We take a cake A cake is taken by us
Simple Past We took a cake A cake was taken by us
Simple Future We will take a cake A cake will be taken by us
Present Perfect We has taken a cake A cake has been taken by us
Past Perfect We had taken a cake A cake had been taken by us
Going to-future We are going to take a cake in the table A cake is going to taken by us in the table
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
C. Agent
In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.ExaMples:
My mother makes sandwich every morning.
Subject + verb1 + s/es + O + C (adv. of time)
Sandwich is made by my mother every morning.
Subject + to be + V3 + Agent + C (adv. of time)
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.
Example:
Active:
John is giving his girl-friend a bunch of flower.
indirect object direct object
Passive:
The indirect object as the subject
John’s girl-friend is being given a bunch of flower.
Passive:
The direct object as the subject
A bunch of flower is being given to John’s girl-friend.
Surprise Or Disbeliefs
Pernah gak kamu merasa kaget.....
Bagaimana kamu mengekspresikannya ????
Kalo dalam bahasa inggris pernah ga???
Nih baca kalo kamu mau tau!!!
Suprise Or Disbelief is An expression that we show/say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe and surprise or disbelief used to express something that we can't or impossible.
To Express surprise :
- What a surprise!
- That's a surprise
- Well that's very surprising
- Really ?
- What ?
- Are you serious? You must be joking
- You're kidding!
- Fancy That!
- I must say..... surprise me
Surprising amazement of something :
- Fantastic!
- Wonderful
- It's Great!
- It's terrific
- Wow, that's amazing!
- It's very nice
- Impressive
When you got a surprising fact, you can say :
- Do You Know What ?
- Believe it or not ?
- You may not believe it but...
- Can you believe this ?
Respons :
- Really ?
- Are you sure ?
- Are you joking ?
- Where ? Show Me
Example Surprise :
Dodi : Do You know what ? My father bought me computer yesterday
Adit : Wow, It's very nice.
Gratitude, Compliment and Congratulation
• Gratitude
Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people, when speaking English, you say “thanks” very often please say “thank you” when people give you something and give you compliment, etc.
Kinds of gratitude expressions are :
- Thank you very much
- Thank you for you help
- I’m really very grateful to you
- You’re welcome
- Don’t mention it
- I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)
Respond of expressing :
-You are welcome
-Don't mention it
-It was nothing at all
-No problem
- I am glad I could help
• Compliment
Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliment to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example :
- On his/her general appearance
- If you notice something new about the person’s appearance
- When you visit someone’s house for the first time
- When other people do their best
Kinds of compliment expressions are :
- What a nice dress!
- You look great
- I really must express my admiration for you dance
- Excellent!
- Nice work
- Good Job
• Congratulation
Congratulation is an expression that we use the give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something
Kinds of Congratulations are :
- Congratulation
- Congratulations
- Congratulations on your succeeds
- Happy Birthday
- Merry Christmas
- Happy New Your
- Happy Valentine
- Happy Anniversary
A. Giving The Congratulation
- Let me congratulate you
- Good
- That’s great!
- How fortunate
- Pretty Good
B. Replying To The Congratulations
- Thank You
- Thank, I needed that
- That’s very kind of you
C. Surprising
- Oh, it was very interesting! I want to the sea world
- It was fun! Went out with my classmate
Read carefully the dialogue below then practice with your friends
Rosa : How was your school party, Zenny?
Alia : It was fun! We sony song and danced
Terimakasih
Thanks yang udah ngunjungin blog ini sampe tulisan 1000 orang. haha bahagia banget.
Berhasil !!!!
Akhirnya selesai juga e-primbon semester 1. Tapi masih ada tugas lagi aduhhh, haha just kidding. Next tugas berikut nya ialah e-primbon semester 2 huhu. Dari awal bikin blog ampe sekarang ternyata asik juga yah ngeblog itu. Tugas di semester 1 ada 20 materi sedangkan di semester 2 ada 18 materi lebih enak yah. Semoga saya bisa menyelesaikan e-primbon semester 2 secepatnya.
Speaking : Speech
Kali ini tentang pidato.
Temen temen pernahkah kaliam berpidato dalam bahasa inggris?
Aku sih belum pernah hahaha.
Berikut ni adalah deskripsinya :
Direct and Indirect Speech
When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.
► Direct Speech
~ Simple Present Tense “I always go to school”
~ Present Continous “I’m doing my homework”
~ Simple Past / Present Perfect “ I didn’t do my test well” / “I have sent an e-mail”
~ Modals “I’ll see you at the party” / “ You must be carefully”
► Indirect Speech
~ Simple Past Tense “She said that she always went to school”.
~ Past Continous “She said that she was doing her homework”.
~ Past Perfect “She said that she had not done her test well” / “She said that she had sent an e-mail”.
~ Modals “She said that she would see me at the party” / ‘She said that I had to be carefully”.
Direct Speech → Refers to reproducing another person’s exact words. We use avotation marks.
Indirect Speech → Refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words not all the exact words are used verb form and pronoun may change. We do not used avotation marks.
Example of speech
LIstening: Make Me a Copy, Please!
Nah tau ga apa tuh make me a copy please.
Itu artinya dalam bahasa indonesia mendikte.
Berikut ini adalah deskripsinya :
~ Description:
Often times students are not able to communicate clearly what they would like to say. It is the purpose of this lesson to help student understand the need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more effective listener.
~ Goal:
Student will understand the need to be articulate when communicating.
~ Background Information:
This activity will teach students to explain what they see and guide another students in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.
Example
Teacher : Make a circle, please!
Adit : pardon me?? Repeat, please!
Teacher : Make a circle, please !
Adit : Oh… sure
Teacher :O.K…!! Next, draw in drawing book!
Adit : Hmm... ok
Analyze Character
Pernah gak kalian menganalisa suatu karakter.
Untuk menganalisa suatu karakter banyak yang harus diketahui terlebih dahulu.
Nah Mari kita belajar bersama yuk......
To obtain a well-rounded concept of your character’s personality, analyze both his internal and external qualities.
The internal aspects include the following :
- Background
- Mental characteristic
- Spiritual or moral qualities
- Emotional Characteristic
The external aspects include following :
- Voice
- Posture
- Movement and gesture
- Mannerisms
- Dress
- Motivating Desiress
Four types of characterization:
* Physical description.
* Speech and actions.
* Direct comment from the narrator.
* Speech and actions of other characters.
Four types of characters:
* Round: A complex and fully developed character.
* Dynamic: A character that develops throughout the story.
* Flat: A character described by one or two traits.
* Static: A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to its end.
Five ways to analyze characters:
* Motivation: What causes the character to act?
* Behaviour: What does the character do?
* Consequences: What results from the character’s behaviour?
* Responsibility: Is the character held accountable for his/her actions?
* Expectations: Are the reader’s expectations fulfilled or challenged? Why is this so?
Autobiography
Kali ini tentang autobiography.
Baca Selanjutnya ^_^...
Mari kita simak sama-sama.
An autobiography is a book about the life of a person, written by that person.
Contoh karangan autobiografi dalam bahasa indonesia.
Versions of the autobiography form
- Diary
- Autobiographies as critiques of totalitarianism
- Sensationalist and Celebrity "autobiographies"
- Autobiographies of the non famuos
- Fake autobiographies
- Fictional autobiographies
Contoh karangan autobiografi dalam bahasa indonesia.
Dengan nama Allah yang tak henti-henti memberi kurnia,
Selawat dan salam buat kekasih-Nya Muhammad saw beserta para pengikutnya,
Kita pohon perlindungan Allah daripada syaitan musuh yang nyata.
Aku adalah sebuah rehal. Aku diperbuat daripada kayu. Aku merupakan rehal mahal buatan tangan. Aku diukir halus oleh seorang tukang di bengkel belakang rumahnya yang terletak di Kampung Tok Senik, Langkawi.
Perjalanan hidupku bermula apabila ada seorang wanita pertengahan tahun datang berkunjung ke bengkel pembuatku. Dia begitu teruja melihatku. Duit bertukar tangan, dan kini aku menjadi miliknya.
Sampai di rumahnya yang terletak jauh nun di ibu kota, aku dipasang renda segala, ditempek manik labuci segala. Setelah dirias sekian lama, sebuah naskhah al-Quran hard-cover dengan hiasan kulit warna emas diletak ke atasku. Dan aku, adalah antara 15 dulang hantaran dari pihak pengantin lelaki (merangkap anak mak cik tadi).
Bukan main aku diusung dengan kompang dan bungga manggar ketika kenduri. Aku mula merasakan bahawa hidupku akan mula memasuki fasa bahagia penuh glamour.
Kusangkakan panas hingga ke petang, rupanya hujan di waktu dhuha. Apabila tetamu terakhir balik dengan pipi masih terlekat sebutir nasi minyak, terus aku dibogelkan dari renda-renda. Terus, aku beserta naskhah al-Quran yang mulia diletak di tingkat teratas almari kaca, di sudut ruang tamu.
Itu cerita 13 tahun dahulu. Kini, anak sulung pengantin sudah masuk darjah 6, dah nak UPSR. Tetapi, aku dan naskhah al-Quran itu tidak pernah berpindah-randah sejak kenduri kahwin itu. Adalah sekali dua, kami berganjak. Itu pun sebab bibi tuan rumah nak lap almari sebab dah nak raya.
Pagi itu, radio dipasang, dan aku terdengar lagu Manusia Lupa nyanyian Akbar ft. Ahli Fikir.
Selawat dan salam buat kekasih-Nya Muhammad saw beserta para pengikutnya,
Kita pohon perlindungan Allah daripada syaitan musuh yang nyata.
Aku adalah sebuah rehal. Aku diperbuat daripada kayu. Aku merupakan rehal mahal buatan tangan. Aku diukir halus oleh seorang tukang di bengkel belakang rumahnya yang terletak di Kampung Tok Senik, Langkawi.
Perjalanan hidupku bermula apabila ada seorang wanita pertengahan tahun datang berkunjung ke bengkel pembuatku. Dia begitu teruja melihatku. Duit bertukar tangan, dan kini aku menjadi miliknya.
Sampai di rumahnya yang terletak jauh nun di ibu kota, aku dipasang renda segala, ditempek manik labuci segala. Setelah dirias sekian lama, sebuah naskhah al-Quran hard-cover dengan hiasan kulit warna emas diletak ke atasku. Dan aku, adalah antara 15 dulang hantaran dari pihak pengantin lelaki (merangkap anak mak cik tadi).
Bukan main aku diusung dengan kompang dan bungga manggar ketika kenduri. Aku mula merasakan bahawa hidupku akan mula memasuki fasa bahagia penuh glamour.
Kusangkakan panas hingga ke petang, rupanya hujan di waktu dhuha. Apabila tetamu terakhir balik dengan pipi masih terlekat sebutir nasi minyak, terus aku dibogelkan dari renda-renda. Terus, aku beserta naskhah al-Quran yang mulia diletak di tingkat teratas almari kaca, di sudut ruang tamu.
Itu cerita 13 tahun dahulu. Kini, anak sulung pengantin sudah masuk darjah 6, dah nak UPSR. Tetapi, aku dan naskhah al-Quran itu tidak pernah berpindah-randah sejak kenduri kahwin itu. Adalah sekali dua, kami berganjak. Itu pun sebab bibi tuan rumah nak lap almari sebab dah nak raya.
Pagi itu, radio dipasang, dan aku terdengar lagu Manusia Lupa nyanyian Akbar ft. Ahli Fikir.
Wahai penghuni penyewa alam semesta
Duhai jiwa termenung terpukau silau sihir dunia
Apakah masih buta tuli di dalam hati
Mestikah lagi menipu diri sendiri
Kiblat mu kini menjadi - 5 2 inci
Takwa mu pula - terhias indah terkunci rapi dalam almari kaca
Duhai jiwa termenung terpukau silau sihir dunia
Apakah masih buta tuli di dalam hati
Mestikah lagi menipu diri sendiri
Kiblat mu kini menjadi - 5 2 inci
Takwa mu pula - terhias indah terkunci rapi dalam almari kaca
Aku terasa.... Andai aku bisa berbicara, mahu kuteriakkan pada semua PENYEWA ALAM SEMESTA,
"Hari ini, sudahkah kau baca dan tadabbur al-Quran atau masih, al-Quran itu berhabuk dalam almari?"
Wallahualam...
Wallahualam...
Shapes and Body Parts
Udah lama gak posting nih nyambung dlo ah.
Kali ini tentang shapes and body parts dlo.
Agak susah juga nih masukin gambarnya tapi tak apa....
 |  |
Close up on the foot | Close up on the hand |
|---|---|
 |  |
Pronunciation Click here
Build Up
Inside the Body - Simple Anatomy
| bladder | The organ inside the body of a person, where urine is stored before it leaves the body. |  | |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | The organ inside the head that controls thought, memory, feelings and activity. |  | |
| digestive system | The organs in your body that digest food. |  | |
| ear | The ear is made up of three different sections: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. These parts all work together so you can hear and process sounds. |  | |
| eye | 'The eyes takes in information about the world around you - shapes, colours, movement, and more. Then they send the information to your brain. |  | |
| heart | The heart sends blood around the body. The blood provides oxygen and nutrients to the body. |  | |
| kidney | One of the main jobs of the kidneys is to filter the waste out of the blood. |  | |
| liver | A large organ in the body which cleans the blood and produces bile (a bitter yellow liquid which helps to digest fat). |  | |
| lungs | The lungs are one of the largest organs in the body, they work with the respiratory system to take in fresh air, and get rid of stale air. |  | |
| mouth | The opening in the face which consists of the lips and the space between them, or the space behind which contains the teeth and the tongue. |  | |
| skeleton | The frame of bones that support the body. |  | |
| spine | The line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body. |  | |
| teeth | The hard white objects in the mouth, which are used for biting and chewing. |  | |
| tooth | (see above) |  | |
| urinary tract | The parts of the body which produce and carry urine. |  |
Naturally Speaking
Describing aches and pains
| If your head hurts: | "I've got a headache." or "My head aches." |
| If your stomach hurts: | "I've got stomach ache." or "My stomach aches." |
| If your back hurts: | "I've got backache." or "My back aches." |
| If your neck hurts: | "I've got neckache." or ""My neck aches." |
| If other parts of your body hurt: | "I've got a pain in my arm / leg etc." |
Dialogue
It's Monday morning and Mr Smith has gone to see the doctor. | |
|---|---|
| Doctor: | Hello Mr Smith. We haven't seen you in a while. What seems to be the problem? |
| Mr Smith | Well, I fell off the ladder whilst I was decorating and hurt my ankle. It swelled up and hasn't gone down since. |
| Doctor: | OK - let's have a look, take off your shoe and sock and roll up your trouser leg. (Examines ankle) Ah yes, I think we had better send you to the hospital to get this X-rayed. You may have broken a bone. |
| Mr Smith: | What? You're joking! No wonder it hurts so much. |
Shapes
 | Circle |
|---|---|
 | Oval |
Types of triangles
 | Equilateral triangle |
|---|---|
 | Isosceles triangle |
 | Right angled triangle |
3D shapes
 | Cone |
|---|---|
 | Cube |
 | Cylinder |
 | Pyramid |
 | Rectangular Prism |
 | Sphere |
Mathematical shapes
 | Parallelogram |
|---|---|
 | Pentagon - 5 sides |
 | Hexagon - 6 sides |
 | Octagon - 8 sides |
Miscellaneous shapes
 | Coffin |
|---|---|
 | Diamond |
 | Heart |
 | Kite |
 | Petal |
 | Shell |
 | Star |
 | Teardrop |
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)
Lencana Facebook
Anda Pengunjung Ke
Mengenai Saya
- M Nizam Surya Wibowo
- Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
- Lu tinggal nilai sendiri ajah....
Calender Digital
 |